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Building High-Performing Remote Engineering Teams

Engineering Best Practices

Adapting software engineering practices for distributed teams: code reviews, testing, deployment, and more.

Engineering Practices Impact (2025)

  • Teams with async code reviews ship 28% faster than sync-only reviews
  • 83% of high-performing remote teams have CI/CD automation
  • Comprehensive test suites reduce production bugs by 67%
  • Documentation-first design improves cross-timezone collaboration by 52%

Async-First Code Reviews

Write Self-Documenting PRs

In remote teams, reviewers can't tap you on the shoulder for context. Your PR description should answer all questions upfront:

  • What: What does this PR do?
  • Why: Why is this change necessary?
  • How: How does it work? (high-level approach)
  • Testing: How was this tested?
  • Screenshots/videos: For UI changes, include visual proof

Keep PRs Small and Focused

Large PRs take longer to review and are more likely to introduce bugs. Aim for:

  • 200-400 lines of changes (not including generated code)
  • Single concern: One feature, bug fix, or refactor per PR
  • Stackable PRs: Break large features into a series of small, reviewable PRs

Review SLAs

Set clear expectations for review turnaround:

  • First pass: Within 4 hours during work hours
  • Urgent fixes: Within 1 hour (use "urgent" label sparingly)
  • Non-urgent: Within 24 hours

Code Review Template

## What
Brief description of changes

## Why
Why this change is needed

## How
High-level implementation approach

## Testing
- [ ] Unit tests added
- [ ] Integration tests pass
- [ ] Manually tested in dev environment

## Screenshots
(if applicable)

Testing for Remote Teams

Test Pyramid for Async Workflows

  • Unit tests (70%): Fast, isolated, run on every commit
  • Integration tests (20%): Test service interactions, run in CI
  • E2E tests (10%): Critical user paths only, slow but comprehensive

Test Quality Gates

Enforce quality standards in CI/CD pipelines:

  • Block merges if tests fail
  • Require minimum 80% code coverage for new code
  • Run linters and formatters automatically
  • Fail builds on security vulnerabilities (Snyk, Dependabot)

Testing in Different Timezones

  • Make tests deterministic (no flaky tests!)
  • Provide clear error messages for debugging
  • Run tests in CI so everyone sees the same results
  • Document how to run tests locally in README

Deployment Practices

Continuous Deployment

Automate deployments to remove timezone dependencies:

  • Auto-deploy to staging: Every merge to main deploys to staging
  • One-click production: Deploy to prod with a button press, not manual steps
  • Rollback capability: Quick rollback if issues are detected
  • Feature flags: Deploy code but toggle features on/off without redeployment

Deploy Windows

In global teams, deployments should be safe at any time:

  • Deploy anytime: No "deploy freeze" outside business hours
  • Observability: Comprehensive monitoring and alerting
  • Gradual rollouts: Canary deployments to catch issues early
  • Blameless postmortems: Learn from incidents, don't punish

Documentation Practices

What to Document

Architecture Docs

  • • System diagrams
  • • Service dependencies
  • • Data flows
  • • Technology choices & why

Runbooks

  • • Setup instructions
  • • Common tasks
  • • Debugging guides
  • • Incident response

Decision Records (ADRs)

  • • Context for decisions
  • • Options considered
  • • Trade-offs evaluated
  • • Final decision & why

API Documentation

  • • Endpoint specs
  • • Request/response examples
  • • Error codes
  • • Rate limits

Documentation Maintenance

  • Update docs in the same PR that changes behavior
  • Add "last updated" dates to docs
  • Quarterly doc review to remove stale content
  • Make docs searchable and easy to discover

Remote Incident Response

Incident Communication

  • Create a dedicated incident channel immediately
  • Post regular status updates (every 15-30 minutes)
  • Designate an incident commander to coordinate
  • Document actions taken in the incident channel
  • Post a summary when resolved

Blameless Postmortems

After every incident, conduct a postmortem focused on systems, not people:

  • Timeline of events
  • Root cause analysis
  • What went well / what didn't
  • Action items to prevent recurrence

Key Takeaways

  • Write comprehensive PR descriptions—reviewers need full context without you present
  • Automate testing and deployment to remove timezone dependencies
  • Document decisions, architecture, and runbooks for async knowledge sharing
  • Async code reviews ship 28% faster and comprehensive tests reduce bugs by 67%