Engineering Best Practices
Adapting software engineering practices for distributed teams: code reviews, testing, deployment, and more.
Engineering Practices Impact (2025)
- Teams with async code reviews ship 28% faster than sync-only reviews
- 83% of high-performing remote teams have CI/CD automation
- Comprehensive test suites reduce production bugs by 67%
- Documentation-first design improves cross-timezone collaboration by 52%
Async-First Code Reviews
Write Self-Documenting PRs
In remote teams, reviewers can't tap you on the shoulder for context. Your PR description should answer all questions upfront:
- What: What does this PR do?
- Why: Why is this change necessary?
- How: How does it work? (high-level approach)
- Testing: How was this tested?
- Screenshots/videos: For UI changes, include visual proof
Keep PRs Small and Focused
Large PRs take longer to review and are more likely to introduce bugs. Aim for:
- 200-400 lines of changes (not including generated code)
- Single concern: One feature, bug fix, or refactor per PR
- Stackable PRs: Break large features into a series of small, reviewable PRs
Review SLAs
Set clear expectations for review turnaround:
- First pass: Within 4 hours during work hours
- Urgent fixes: Within 1 hour (use "urgent" label sparingly)
- Non-urgent: Within 24 hours
Code Review Template
## What Brief description of changes ## Why Why this change is needed ## How High-level implementation approach ## Testing - [ ] Unit tests added - [ ] Integration tests pass - [ ] Manually tested in dev environment ## Screenshots (if applicable)
Testing for Remote Teams
Test Pyramid for Async Workflows
- Unit tests (70%): Fast, isolated, run on every commit
- Integration tests (20%): Test service interactions, run in CI
- E2E tests (10%): Critical user paths only, slow but comprehensive
Test Quality Gates
Enforce quality standards in CI/CD pipelines:
- Block merges if tests fail
- Require minimum 80% code coverage for new code
- Run linters and formatters automatically
- Fail builds on security vulnerabilities (Snyk, Dependabot)
Testing in Different Timezones
- Make tests deterministic (no flaky tests!)
- Provide clear error messages for debugging
- Run tests in CI so everyone sees the same results
- Document how to run tests locally in README
Deployment Practices
Continuous Deployment
Automate deployments to remove timezone dependencies:
- Auto-deploy to staging: Every merge to main deploys to staging
- One-click production: Deploy to prod with a button press, not manual steps
- Rollback capability: Quick rollback if issues are detected
- Feature flags: Deploy code but toggle features on/off without redeployment
Deploy Windows
In global teams, deployments should be safe at any time:
- Deploy anytime: No "deploy freeze" outside business hours
- Observability: Comprehensive monitoring and alerting
- Gradual rollouts: Canary deployments to catch issues early
- Blameless postmortems: Learn from incidents, don't punish
Documentation Practices
What to Document
Architecture Docs
- • System diagrams
- • Service dependencies
- • Data flows
- • Technology choices & why
Runbooks
- • Setup instructions
- • Common tasks
- • Debugging guides
- • Incident response
Decision Records (ADRs)
- • Context for decisions
- • Options considered
- • Trade-offs evaluated
- • Final decision & why
API Documentation
- • Endpoint specs
- • Request/response examples
- • Error codes
- • Rate limits
Documentation Maintenance
- Update docs in the same PR that changes behavior
- Add "last updated" dates to docs
- Quarterly doc review to remove stale content
- Make docs searchable and easy to discover
Remote Incident Response
Incident Communication
- Create a dedicated incident channel immediately
- Post regular status updates (every 15-30 minutes)
- Designate an incident commander to coordinate
- Document actions taken in the incident channel
- Post a summary when resolved
Blameless Postmortems
After every incident, conduct a postmortem focused on systems, not people:
- Timeline of events
- Root cause analysis
- What went well / what didn't
- Action items to prevent recurrence
Key Takeaways
- Write comprehensive PR descriptions—reviewers need full context without you present
- Automate testing and deployment to remove timezone dependencies
- Document decisions, architecture, and runbooks for async knowledge sharing
- Async code reviews ship 28% faster and comprehensive tests reduce bugs by 67%